Benzodiazepines – 14 Pros and Cons You Need to Know
April 26, 2023
Drugs
14 Benefits and Risks of Benzos
Benzodiazepines, commonly known as “benzos,” are a widely prescribed class of psychoactive drugs with anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), sedative, and muscle-relaxant properties. They work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which results in a calming effect on the central nervous system. The duration in which they stay in the body depends on a variety of factors.
There are pros and cons with any medication, and benzos are no different. It’s important to know these benefits and risks to avoid benzodiazepine addiction treatment and possible detox. Therefore, only take them as directed by a healthcare professional.
7 Pros of Benzodiazepines
1. Rapid Anxiety Relief
Benzodiazepines are renowned for their ability to provide fast relief from anxiety and panic disorders. They accomplish this by slowing down the nervous system, resulting in a calming effect. This rapid anxiety relief can be critical for those experiencing acute anxiety or panic attacks, allowing them to regain control and restore their sense of well-being. Some benzos that are used to treat anxiety are Lexapro, Xanax, and Zoloft.
2. Effective Treatment for Insomnia
Insomnia is a common issue that affects millions of people worldwide, often leading to fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Short acting benzodiazepines such as temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), and Trazodone, are frequently prescribed to treat insomnia due to their sedative effects. They help induce sleep and maintain it throughout the night, allowing you to achieve the restorative you they need.
3. Muscle Relaxation
Muscle spasms, stiffness, or tension caused by conditions like multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, or spinal cord injuries can lead to significant pain and discomfort. Benzos are effective muscle relaxants and are often prescribed if you’re dealing with these symptoms. By relieving muscle tension and reducing spasms, benzodiazepines can help improve your quality of life and alleviate pain.
4. Seizure Control
Some benzodiazepines like Klonopin, Gabapentin, Diazepam (Valium) and Lorazepam (Ativan), are effective in treating various seizure disorders, including epilepsy and status epilepticus. They help control seizures by calming excessive electrical nerve activity in the brain. This can be lifesaving in emergency situations (uncontrolled seizures) and improve the daily lives of those suffering from chronic seizure disorders.
5. Sedation During Medical Procedures
Benzodiazepines can be used as sedatives during medical procedures and surgeries. They are particularly useful for inducing sleep and relaxation before or during procedures that might cause anxiety or discomfort, such as dental work or diagnostic tests like endoscopies. Sedation helps to make the experience more comfortable and tolerable for patients.
6. Alcohol Withdrawal Management
Sometimes used to manage symptoms of alcohol withdrawal inpatients undergoing detoxification, benzos can help alleviate symptoms such as tremors, agitation, and seizures. This makes the withdrawal process safer and more comfortable for patients. Proper management of alcohol withdrawal can prevent complications and improve the chances of a successful recovery.
7. Easing the Symptoms of Agitation in Dementia
Benzodiazepines can be prescribed for short-term use to manage severe agitation in those with dementia. In cases where non-pharmacological interventions (management of pain without medication) are not effective, benzos can provide temporary relief from agitation and distress, improving the overall quality of life.
7 Cons of Benzodiazepines:
1. Dependency and Addiction
One of the most significant concerns surrounding benzodiazepines is their potential for dependency and addiction. Long-term use can lead to physical and psychological dependence, and suddenly stopping the medication may result in withdrawal symptoms that can be severe and even life-threatening in some cases. Benzodiazepine addiction can also lead to personal, social, and financial problems for those affected.
2. Cognitive Impairment
Benzos can cause memory issues, confusion, and problems with concentration. These side effects can negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life, particularly in older adults or those with pre-existing cognitive impairments. Long-term use of benzodiazepines means an increased risk of developing dementia in older adults.
3. Drowsiness and Dizziness
Drowsiness and dizziness are common side effects of benzos, which can pose a dangerous problem if you’re operating heavy machinery or driving. These side effects can increase the risk of falls and accidents, leading to injuries or even fatalities in severe cases. Not only can this sleepiness factor endanger you, but those around you as well.
4. Tolerance and Diminished Effectiveness
Over time, the body can develop a tolerance to benzodiazepines, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects. This can increase the risk of side effects and dependency, often leading to substance abuse. Additionally, the body will become less responsive to the medication used to treat the addiction, therefore rendering it powerless in managing the symptoms it was initially prescribed for.
5. Drug Interactions
Benzodiazepines can interact with various other medications and substances, like opioids, and certain antidepressants. interactions can lead to potentially dangerous side effects, such as heart attacks, strokes, seizures, psychosis, or even death. This is especially true when alcohol is combined with benzos. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider of any other medications or substances you are taking to avoid these potentially harmful interactions.
6. Withdrawal Symptoms
If you stop taking benzodiazepines suddenly, you may experience withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, irritability, muscle pain, and seizures. These symptoms can be distressing and dangerous, highlighting the importance of gradually tapering off the medication under a healthcare professional’s guidance.
7. Negative Impact on Mental Health
While benzodiazepines can effectively relieve anxiety symptoms in the short term, their long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of developing mood disorders such as depression. Amnesia, increased hostility, and even disturbing dreams can also occur. This potential impact on mental health should be considered when prescribing benzodiazepines for extended periods.
Benzodiazepines offer numerous benefits and greatly improve the lives of those in need, they can also have the opposite effect. It’s essential to weigh the pros and cons of benzodiazepines and discuss them with a healthcare professional before starting any treatment. Always follow your doctor’s instructions and consider alternative treatment options when possible. By being well-informed about the potential downsides of benzodiazepines, you can make educated decisions about your healthcare and ensure the best possible outcomes.